Illustration 2 P2

Using Mobile Phone while Driving Increases Accident Risk

The theme  I’m  taking is dangerous of Using mobile phone while driving. Driving is the controlled operation and movement of a vehicle. The problem are trying to address about driving is “ Using Mobile Phone while Driving”. Today, as never before, society pressures us to “stay connected” via telecommunications devices; thus, it is no surprise that cell phone use while driving is a growing problem. This technological and social phenomenon is contributing to one of the leading causes of unintentional death and injury vehicle collisions. 2,600 people died and 330,000 are injured from people using mobile phone while driving in a year. In some cause using mobile drivers worse than drunk drivers. The evidence is clear and compelling. Epidemiologic, driver simulator, and naturalistic studies demonstrate that cell phones and driving are a dangerous combination. Unfortunately, while most drivers view cell phone while driving as unacceptable, many of them still engage it.

Teen and adults texting Behind the Wheel

In 2011, at least 23% of auto collisions involved cell phone that is 1.3 million crashes.

Activities that increase risk of crash

13% of drivers age 18-20 involved in car wrecks admitted to texting or talking on their mobile devices at the time of the crash. There are many texting while driving in Malaysia, highway, urban roads and even at the junction while reading text messages.

 

Poster design

 

Logo

 

The Graphic Act

What is Graphic Design? / Understanding of Graphic Design

~ Graphic
* visual symbol
* visual presentation
* visual contained details

~ Design
* Knowledge 
* activity
* idea
* object

Graphic Design

` art of visual communication
` constructing object using visual symbol
` combination text + visual
` client + designers
` variety of media
` mark - making (computer / hand made)  

Graphic design is almost everywhere. Crammed into our homes, all over our cities and dotted around the countryside, its images, letters, colours and shapes are consciously put together to perform all sorts of functions.
Its roles range from directing travellers to the right check-in desk at an airport, to organising the layout and style of a magazine so that it catches that traveller’s eye and makes them buy it to read on the plane. Graphic design on the ticket they buy for the car park may advertise other products or services. The carton of juice they take for the flight has information organised so its appealing and understandable. The safety instructions aboard the plane are designed so they are clear and accessible, even to people who don’t speak English. Graphic design art is also emblazoned across the hull and tail wing of the aircraft itself.
In short, graphic design is visual communication. It employs lots of different techniques and modes, but is very seldom purely decorative: graphic design has a job to do and graphic designers are in the employ of their clients. The graphic designer may be briefed to create a piece of work which catches a customer’s eye in a busy supermarket, or they may be required to herald the formation of a new business. Their client may want their work to impart cultural knowledge at a museum or help foreign tourists find their way to the bus station. Or graphic designers could be employed for something as run of the mill as creating a new look for the company stationery. Using an array of visual elements – including type, color, shape, photography, illustration, painting, digital imagery and so on – graphic designers work with their clients to deliver the required message in the most effective way.

The elements of Graphic design 

Shape

From ancient pictographs to modern logos, shapes are at the root of design. They are used to establish layouts, create patterns, and build countless elements on the page. With graphics software such as Illustrator, creating and manipulating shapes is easier than ever, giving designers the freedom to create them at will.

Lines

Lines are used to divide space, direct the eye, and create forms. At the most basic level, straight lines are found in layouts to separate content, such as in magazine, newspaper, and website designs. This can of course go much further, with curved, dotted, and zigzag lines used as the defining elements on a page and as the basis for illustrations and graphics. Often, lines will be implied, meaning other elements of design will follow the path of line, such as type on a curve.

Color

Color is an interesting element of graphic design because it can be applied to any other element, changing it dramatically. It can be used to make an image stand out, to show linked text on a website, and to evoke emotion. Graphic designers should combine their experience with color with an understanding of color theory.

Type

Type, of course, is all around us. In graphic design, the goal is to not to just place some text on a page, but rather to understand and use it effectively for communication. Choice of fonts (typefaces), size, alignment, color, and spacing all come into play. Type can be taken further by using it to create shapes and images.

Art, Illustration & Photography

A powerful image can make or break a design. Photographs, illustrations and artwork are used to tell stories, support ideas, and grab the audience's attention, so the selection is important. Graphic designers can create this work on their own, commission an artist or photographer, or purchase it at all price levels on many websites.

Texture

Texture can refer to the actual surface of a design or to the visual appearance of a design. In the first case, the audience can actually feel the texture, making it unique from the other elements of design. Selection of paper and materials in package design can affect actual texture. In the second case, texture is implied through the style of design. Rich, layered graphics can create visual texture that mirrors actual texture.

Component 1

1.i) What is Art?

the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. Art is a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities; this focuses primarily on the visual art, which includes the creation of images or objects in including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.

History

Sculpture, cave painting, rock painting from the upper paleolithic dating to roughly 40,000 years ago have been found, but the precise meaning of such art is often disputed because so little is known about the culture that produced them. 
The oldest art objects in the world a series of tiny, drilled snail shells about 75,000 years old were discovered in a South African cave. Containers that may have been used to hold paints have been found dating as far back as 100,000 years.
Many great traditions in art have a foundation in the art of one of the great ancient civilizations Ancients Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, China, Ancient Greece, Rome, as well as Inca, Maya, and Olmec. Each of these centers of early civilization developed a unique and characteristic style in its art. Because of the size and duration of these civilizations, more of their art works have survived and more of their influence has been transmitted to other cultures and later times. Some also have provided the first records of how artist worked.
For example, this period of Greek art saw a veneration of the human physical from and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct proportions.

ii) What is Graphic?

Graphic is visual of symbol, visual of presentation and visual of contained details. Graphic are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage it includes: pictorial representation of data, as in computer-aided design and manufacture, in typesetting and the graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software. Images that are generated by a computer are called computer graphics.
 Examples are photographs, drawing, line art, graphs diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric design, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text, illustration, and color. Graphic design may consist of the deliberate selection, creation, or arrangement of typography alone, as in a brochure, flyer, poster, web site, or book without any other element. 
Clarity or effective communication may be the objective, association with other cultural elements may be sought, or merely, the creation of a distinctive style.Graphics can be functional or artistic. The latter can be a recorded version, such as a photograph, or an interpretation by a scientist to highlight essential features, or an artist, in which case the distinction with imaginary graphics may become blurred.   

History

The earliest graphics known to anthropologists studying prehistoric periods are cave painting  and markings on boulders, bone, ivory, and antlers, which were created during the upper Palaeolithic period from 40,000–10,000 B.C or earlier. Many of these were found to record astronomical, seasonal, and chronological details. Some of the earliest graphics and drawings known to the modern world from almost 6,000 years ago, are that of engraved stone tablets and ceramic cylinder seals, marking the beginning of the historic periods and the keeping of records for accounting and inventory purposes. Records from Egypt predate these and papyrus was used by the Egyptians as a material on which to plan the building of pyramids; they also used slabs of limestone and wood From 600–250 BC, the Greeks played a major role in geometry. They used graphics to represent their mathematical theories such as the Circle Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem.

Graphic on paper

Poster

 

Magazine / Newspaper

  
Packaging

Graphic on Wall

Grafitti 

Screen saver

Wall Illustration

 

iii) What is Design? 

Design is everywhere - and that's why looking for a definition may not help you grasp what it is.
Design is everywhere. It's what drew you to the last piece of furniture you bought and it's what made online banking possible. It's made London taxi cabs easier to get in and out of and it made Stella McCartney's name. 
It's driving whole business cultures and making sure environments from hospitals to airports are easier to navigate. The single word 'design' encompasses an awful lot, and that's why the understandable search for a single definition leads to lengthy debate to say the least. There are broad definitions and specific ones - both have drawbacks. Either they're too general to be meaningful or they exclude too much. Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams and sewing patterns. Design has different fields see design disciplines bellow.
Meanwhile, a definition focused on products or 3D realisations of ideas excludes the work of graphic designers, service designers and many other disciplines. There may be no absolute definitions of design that will please everyone, but attempting to find one can
at least help us pin down the unique set of skills that designers bring to bear.

Digital design

Digital design is the creation of highly manipulated images on the computer. These images then make their final appearance in print. Although computers have been around since the forties, they were not reasonable tools for designers until the first Macintoshes came out in 1984. April Greiman was an early computer enthusiast who believes that graphic design has always been involved with technology. After all, Gutenberg's fifteenth-century invention of movable type created a design as well as an information revolution.

Greiman's first interest was video, which led naturally to the computer and its possibilities. She bought her first Mac as a toy, but soon found it an indispensable creative tool. “I work intuitively and play with technology,” says Greiman. “I like getting immediate feedback from the computer screen, and I like to explore alternative color and form quickly on-screen. Artwork that exists as binary signals seems mysterious to me. It is an exhilarating medium!” She wants to design everything and to control and play with all kinds of sensory experience.

Designers working with digital design need to be more than technicians. Consequently, their studies focus on perception, aesthetics, and visual form-making as well as on technology.

I didn't have the math skills (so I thought) to become an architect. My high school training in the arts was in the “commercial art” realm. Later at an art school interview I was told I was strong in graphic design. So as not to humiliate myself, not knowing what graphic design was, I just proceeded onwards?the “relaxed forward-bent” approach, my trademark! -April Greiman.

Multimedia design

The book remains  primary way of delivering information. Its form has not changed for centuries, and its internal organization-table of contents, chapter, glossaries, and so forth-is so commonplace that we take it for granted. But now a challenger has appeared: the computer. No longer merely a tool for preparing art for the printer, the computer is an information medium in itself.

Computer-based design delivers information according to the user's particular interest. Information is restructured into webs that allow entry from different points, a system that may be more like our actual thinking processes than the near order of the book is. 

On the computer, the designer can use time and sound in addition to text and image to draw attention, to animate an explanation, or to present an alternative way to understand a concept. This new technology demands designers who can combine analysis with intuition. Clement Mok does just that. He is a certified Apple software developer (he can program) and a graphic designer comfortable in most media. QuickTime system software, recently released by Apple, supports the capability to do digital movies on the Macintosh. As system software, it is really invisible. “Providing users with this great technology isn't enough,” says Mok. “You also have to give them ideas for what they can do and samples they can use.”

Mok addressed this problem by developing QuickClips, a CD library of three hundred film clips ranging from excerpts of classic films to original videos and animations created by his staff. These fifteen- to ninety-second movies can be incorporated into user-created presentations. It is like having a small video store in your computer. With QuickClips, Mok opened new avenues for presentation with the computer.

Television graphics

Motion graphics, such as program openings or graphic demonstrations within a television program, require the designer to choreograph space and time. Images, narration, movement, sound and music are woven into a multisensory communication.

Chris Pullman at WGBH draws an analogy between creating a magazine with its cover, table of contents, letters to the editor, and articles, to that of a television program like Columbus and the Age of Discovery. In both cases, the designer must find a visual vocabulary to provide common visual features. Columbus opens slowly and smoothly, establishing a time and a place. A ship rocking on the waves becomes a kind of “wallpaper” on which to show credits. The opening is a reference to what happened—it speaks of ships, ocean, New World, Earth—without actually telling the story.

In contrast, the computer-graphic map sequences are technical animation and a critical part of the storytelling. Was Columbus correct in his vision of the landmass west of Europe? Something was there, but what and how big? Was it the Asian landmass Columbus had promised to find? In 1516, Magellan sailed around the Americas by rounding Cape Horn-and found 5,000 more miles of sea travel to Japan! Columbus had made a colossal miscalculation.

The designer needed to visualize this error. Authentic ancient maps established the perspective of the past; computer animation provided the story as we understand it today and extended the viewer's perspective with a three-dimensional presentation. Pullman created a 3-D database with light source and ocean detail for this fifty-seven-second sequence. “The move was designed to follow the retreating edge of darkness, as the sun revealed the vastness of the Pacific Ocean and the delicate track of Magellan's expedition snaked west. As the Pacific finally fills the whole frame, the music, narration, and camera work conspire to create that one goose-bump moment. In video, choreography, not composition, is the essential skill.”

Package design

Packaging performs many functions: it protects, stores, displays, announces a product's identity, promotes, and sometimes instructs. But today, given increased environmental concern and waste-recycling needs, packaging has come under scrutiny. The functions packaging has traditionally performed remain; what is needed now is environmentally responsive design. Fitch Richardson Smith developed just such a design-really an “un-packaging” strategy-for the Gardenia line of watering products.

A less-is-more strategy was ideally suited to capture the loyalty of an environmentally aware consumer-a gardener. The designers' approach was to eliminate individual product packaging by using sturdy, corrugated, precut shipping bins as point-of-purchase displays. Hangtags on individual products were designed to answer the customer's questions at point-of-sale and to be saved for use-and-care instructions at home. This approach cut costs and reduced environmental impact in both manufacturing and consumption. What's more, Gardena discovered that customers liked being able to touch and hold the products before purchase.

Retailers report that this merchandising system reduces space needs, permits tailoring of the product assortment, and minimizes the burden on the sales staff. A modular system, it is expandable and adaptable and can be presented freestanding or on shelves or pegboards. The graphics are clear, bright, and logical, reinforcing the systematic approach to merchandising and information design. Contemporary environmental values are clearly expressed in this packaging solution. The product connects with consumers who care about their gardens, and the packaging-design solution relates to their concern about the Earth.

Package designers tend to have a strong background in three-dimensional design, design and product management, and design systems.

2) What is Graphic Design?

Graphic design is the art of communication, stylizing, and problem solving through the use of type, space, and image. The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term "graphic design, is used interchangeably with these due to overlapping skills involved. Graphic designers user various method to create and combine words, symbols, and images to create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may use a combination of typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to produce a final result. Graphic design often refers to both the process by which the communication is created and the products which are generated.

Graphic designers work with drawn, painted, photographed, or computer-generated images (pictures), but they also design the letter forms that make up various typefaces found in movie credits and TV ads; in books, magazines, and menus; and even on computer screens. Designers create, choose, and organize these elements-typography, images, and the so-called “white space” around them-to communicate a message. Graphic design is a part of your daily life. From humble things like gum wrappers to huge things like billboards to the T-shirt you’re wearing, graphic design informs, persuades, organizes, stimulates, locates, identifies, attracts attention and provides pleasure.Graphic design is a creative process that combines art and technology to communicate ideas. The designer works with a variety of communication tools in order to convey a message from a client to a particular audience. The main tools are image and typography.

Function of Graphic design

Draw graphics

Edit existing photos and graphic with the new shape painter tool and lots of other tools. Use the shape painter tool and the eraser to precisely select image elements in the same way as in other image editing programs. Remove image areas using the eraser and touch up any mistakes using the shape painter tool. Graphics can be customized just as easily. Add elements to any vector shape and create completely new shapes. If two shapes are selected you can use the shape drawer to combine them into one. Conversely you can use the shape eraser to split up graphics. In addition you can create custom paint brushes and use them for various patterns such as footprints for example. 

Trace photos (vectorization)

Transform photos and logos into vector graphics using the powerful bitmap tracer. They are full editable and can be changed at any time.

TIP! Scan in pencil drawings or sketches and transform them into graphics.

Support for graphics tablets

Do you own a graphics tablet? Use a stylus instead of a mouse to design your creations!You'll be amazed at how easy it is to use. Graphics tablets allow you to create graphics with thick and thin lines in the same way you draw on a piece of paper.

Shadow

The shadow tool in Xara Designer Pro allows to apply, remove or modify semi transparent shadows on any object.

Transparency & Gradients

In just a few clicks can layered transition to each job, photo. text, or vector shapes. Using the filling tool to create graduated colors and feathering effects.

Contours & Edges

Create contours and edge around objects. Perfect for making decorative frames for example. when used a contour on an object it will change with the object, if increase the object's size for example.

Blend tool

The Xara Designer Pro blend tool enables you to transition between two objects or join them together.This way you can simulate movement in images, display repeating patterns or develop from one form to another.The objects can be any available object type (text, graphics, vector drawings) or come from other transitions. 

3D Tool

Create text, shapes, graphics, and photos from impressive 3D objects in real time with the integrated 3D tool, including natural light reflexes, shadows and lots of detailed options.

Create animations

Transform your pictures and graphics into GIFs and Flash animations.They are then ideal for use in presentations or on your website. Animations can make it easier to explain difficult technical concepts. For example chronological progression, complex processes and detailed diagrams can be broken down and displayed step by step.

Color systems for printing: CMYK, HSV, Pantone etc.

Xara Designer Pro X9 provides you with full access to professional color systems such as CMYK, HSV, and Pantone so you can take your work to professional printers. Neither computer screens nor the printing process can guarantee that 100% of visible colors will be displayed, which is why there are various color spaces. If you are working with the color palette on a job for the print shop you can be sure that you'll get the exact colors you decided on.

Working with layers

The Page and Layer Gallery is the central location for managing your projects.Now you can select more pages and move, delete, copy, cut or integrate them into other projects in one go.By putting the objects on different layers it's easier to keep track of your project.

Artists List

• Marc chagall

Marc Chagall was born on July 7, 1887 in Vitebsk, Russia. In 1932 he moved to France. He lived in the United States from 1941 to 1948, and then returned to France. He died in France on March 28. 1985. His painting styles are Expressionism and Cubism. In his paintings, he often painted violinists because he played the violin and also in memory of his uncle, who also played. He was also famous for his paintings of Russian-Jewish villages.

Famous Works

1. Over Vitebask
2. The Violinist
3. The Praying Jew
4. I and the village

• Salvador Dali

Salvador Dali was born in Spain in 1904. When he was a child, he showed strange behavior and often interrupted his class in school. As he got older, he started to paint pictures that came from his dreams. His dreams and his paintings were scary and unreal.

Dali went to art school in Madrid, Spain. He got kicked out, and never finished. He even spent time in jail. However, he continued to paint, and his art style became known as Surrealism. Salvador Dali drew everyday items, but changed them in odd ways For example, one of his paintings is of melting clocks.

Before he died at the age of 85 in 1989, Dali had created works in film, ballet, opera, fashion, jewelry, and advertising illustrations. 

Famous Works

1. The Persistence of Memory
2. Crucifixion
3. The Sacrament of the Last Supper

• Leonardo Da Vinci

In 1452, Leonardo Da Vinci was born in an Italian town called Vinci. He lived in a time period called the Renaissance, when everyone was interested in art. Even though Da Vinci was a great artist, he became famous because of all the other things he could do. He was a sculptor, a scientist, an inventor, an architect, a musician, and a mathematician. When he was twenty, he helped his teacher finish a painting called The Baptism of Christ. When he was thirty, he moved to Milan. That is where he painted most of his pictures. DaVinci's paintings were done in the Realist style.

Famous works

1. Mona Lisa
2. The last supper
3. Madonna and Child
4. The Virgin of the rocks

• Paul Klee

Paul Klee was born in Switzerland on December 18, 1887. He loved cats. He painted the a lot. He had at least 8,926 works of art. In these works of art, he used simple lines and strong colors. He also used simple shapes to make important parts of the painting. Klee painted in many styles, but a lot of them were in the Primitive and Surrealist styles.

Famous works

1. Fish Magic
2. Around the Fish
3. Landscape with Yellow Birds

• Henri Matisse

Henri Matisse was born on December 31, 1869 in Le Cateau Cambresis, France. He first got a degree in law and then decided to becoe an artist. He studied for three years with Gustave Moreau. He learned a lot by copying paintings by other great artists, such as Raphael.

Matisse was one of the founders of a type of art called Fauvism. He liked to do paintings with people because it made it easy for him to express his feelings about life. He especially liked to paint women, because he said they held the answer to the mystery of life. Matisse also did many pieces of art using cut paper. He was also a sculptor and an etcher.Because Matisse had cancer, he became confined to a wheelchair. From his wheelchair, he completed one of his most famous works, painting the inside of the Chapelle du Rosaire. Matisse died in 1954.

Famous Works

1. Chapel of the Rosary in Vence
2. The sail
3. Beasts of the sea
4. Creole Dancer
5. La Fougere Noire

• Claudle Monet

Claude Monet was born in 1840 on November 14 in Paris. He grew up in LeHaver, near the sea. Even when he was young he was a very good artist. His pictures were so good that an art supply store let him hang his pictures in their window.

Monet's parents did not want him to become an artist because they thought he would not make a good living. That did not stop him though. When he was 20, he studied art at an inexpensive art school in Paris.

Monet often went on trips around France to paint. Sometimes, his friend Camille came along. Camille later became Monet's wife. They had two sons, Jean and Michel. In 1878, Camille got sick and died. A few years later, Monet got married again to a woman named Alice.

Later, Monet and his family moved to Giverny, a small town near Paris. This is where he painted his Impressionist wheatstack and cathedral paintings that became very famous. Their house also had a wonderful garden with a lily pond that had a Japanese bridge across it. These were his favorite things to paint.

Monet died in 1926 in Giverny. Many people came to his funeral. Unlike many artists, he was famous even before he died. Now his house in Giverny is a museum that is visited by many people.

Famous Works

1. Morning Haze
2. Marine Near Etretat
3. Lily Pond

• Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain on October 5, 1881. His father, Jose Ruiz, was also an artist. Picasso painted in many styles, including Cubism and Expressionism. He also sculpted. In cubism, he tried to show the dimensions of the objects in his paintings. When he painted in the classical style, his shapes were round and soft. In cubism, his shapes were square and hard.

When Picasso painted, he had a blue period and a rose period. For about three years in his early twenties, he used mostly light blue colors in his paintings. The rose period came after the blue period. It began after he moved from Spain to France.Because he could work in multiple styles, Picasso became very famous. He used great lines and color in his paintings. 

Famous Works

1. Guernica
2. Three Musician
3. The three Dancers
4. Self Portrait: Yo Picasso 

• Pierre Auguste Renoir

Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born February 25, 1841 in Limoges, France. When Renoir was young, he was a shoe tailor and a dress maker. When he was 13 be began decorating porcelain dishes. He was also close friends with Claude Monet.

Renoir believed that a person should work with his hands. He felt that working with his hands was what made him a working man. Some of his most famous paintings are portraits of women and groups of people. Renoir's paintings were done in the Impressionist style. People felt his use of color and light in his paintings, plus his talent for painting people, were what made his paintings so beautiful. 

Famous Works

1. Le Bal au Moulin de la Galette
2. Jeanne Samary
3. Bathers
4. The Swing

• Henri Rousseau

Henri Rousseau was born in Laral, France in 1844. He served in the French Army and also worked as a toll collector. At the age of 40, Rousseau retired to paint. He also played the violin and gave art and violin lessons. He had no art schooling, but his paintings were admired by other artists of his time, such as Paul Gauguin and Georges Seurat. Seurat's paintings were done in the Surrealistic style.

Famous Works

1. The sleeping Gypsy
2. The happy Quartet
3. Jungle with a lion

• Henri de Toulouse - Lautrec

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's style was Realism and Postimpressionism. Lautrec liked painting people and things he knew. Some other things he liked to paint were posters of nightclubs and paintings of houses.

Famous Works

1. Portrait of Vincent Van Gogh
2. Moulin Rouge
3. At the Moulin Rouge
4. The Jockey

• Vincent van Gogh

Van Gogh was born in Holland in 1853. He worked at many jobs, such as at an art gallery, a school, a bookstore, as a preacher, and at last, he became an artist. He didn't have a very happy life. He painted sad paintings with poor people in them. His paintings were always very dark until he saw some colorful Japanese paintings. Then Van Gogh started painting happier paintings. Most of his work was in the Postimpressionist style.

One day, he moved to live with his brother because he was unhappy where he lived, and he wanted to find someone to paint with. When he finally found someone, he wished he hadn't. Van Gogh and the other artist did not get along. After this, Van Gogh became so sad that he cut part of his ear off!

After these things happened, he painted one more gloomy painting. It was called Wheatfield with Crows. After he finished it, he shot himself.

Famous Works

1. The Starry Night
2. Whealfield with Crows

• Andy Warhol
• Abromovic, Marina
• Andre, carl
• Benton, Thomas hart
• Boccioni, umberto

3) What is Illustration?

Drawing—deciding what is significant detail, what can be suggested, and what needs dramatic development—is a skill that all designers need in order to develop their own ideas and share them with others. Many designers use drawing as the core of their work. Milton Glaser is such a designer.

Keeping a creative edge and searching for new opportunities for visual development are important aspects of a lively design practice. When Glaser felt an urge to expand his drawing vocabulary and to do more personally satisfying work, he found himself attracted to the impressionist artist Claude Monet. Glaser liked the way Monet looked: his physical characteristics expressed something familiar and yet mysterious. Additionally, Monet's visual vocabulary was foreign to Glaser whose work is more linear and graphic. While many designers would be intimidated by Monet's stature in the art world, Glaser was not because he was consciously seeking an opportunity for visual growth. In a sense, Glaser's drawings of Monet were a lark-an invention done lightly.

Glaser worked directly from nature, from photographs, and from memory in order to open himself to new possibilities. The drawings, forty-eight in all, were done over a year and a half and then were shown in a gallery in Milan. They became the catalog for a local printer who wanted to demonstrate his color fidelity and excellence in flexibility of vision: the selection of detail, the balancing of light and shadow, and the varying treatments of figure and background.

Drawing is a rich and immediate way to represent the world, but drawing can also illustrate ideas in partnership with design.

http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/6787/what-does-it-mean-to-be-an-illustrator


History of Illustration

The earliest forms of illustration were prehistoric cave paintings. Before the invention of the printing press, illuminated manuscripts were hand-illustrated. 
Medieval codices' illustrations were called illuminations. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press and independently developed a movable type system in Europe, along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould. He also added illustrations to his printed books, usually woodcuts. During the 15th century, books illustrated with woodcut illustrations became available. The main processes used for reproduction of illustrations during the 16th and 17th centuries were engraving and etching. At the end of the 18th century,lithography allowed even better illustrations to be reproduced. The most notable illustrator of this epoch was William Blake who rendered his illustrations in the medium of relief etching.

Notable figures of the early century were John Leech,George Cruikshank, Dickens' illustrator Hablot Knight Browne, and, in France, Honoré Daumier. The same illustrators contributed to satirical and straight-fiction magazines, but in both cases the demand was for character-drawing that encapsulated or caricatured social types and classes.

The British humorous magazine Punch, which was founded in 1841 riding on the earlier success of Cruikshank's Comic Almanac (1827–1840), employed an uninterrupted run of high-quality comic illustrators, including Sir John Tenniel, theDalziel Brothers, and Georges du Maurier, into the 20th century. It chronicles the gradual shift in popular illustration from reliance on caricature to sophisticated topical observations. These artists all trained as conventional fine-artists, but achieved their reputations primarily as illustrators. Punch and similar magazines such as the Parisian Le Voleur realised that good illustrations sold as many copies as written content.

Avant - Garde Artists

 The term is commonly used in French, English, and German to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect toart and culture .Avant-garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural realm. The notion of the existence of the avant-garde is considered by some to be a hallmark of modernism, as distinct from postmodernism. Postmodernism posits that the age of the constant pushing of boundaries is no longer with us and that avant-garde has little to no applicability in the age of Postmodern art.

David Burliuk ( painter, illustrator)

Internationally renowned as the "father of Futurism" in his native Ukraine and in Russia, David Burliuk was a major contributor to the seminal period of modernism in the early decades of the 20th century.

Burliuk was born in 1882 near the city of Kharkiv in eastern Ukraine. He studied in Odesa and Kazan (1898-1902), at the Munich Royal Academy of Arts (1902-1903), and at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1904). His exuberant, extroverted character was recognized by Anton Azhbe, his professor at the Munich Academy, who called Burliuk a “wonderful wild steppe horse.”

David Burliuk seated center

Burliuk’s art during his historically important early period was an amalgam of Fauvist, Cubist, and Futurist influences, which he absorbed and melded with his love of nature, a fascination for the forms and designs of Scythian culture (he formed and named the literary-artistic group “Hylaea” — the Greek name for ancient Scythian lands), and especially his admiration for Ukrainian folklore. Among his favorites was the legend of Mamai, a Cossack who embodied Burliuk’s own vision of bravery, self-sufficiency, and rugged individualism.

During these years, Burliuk was an active participant in important avant-garde exhibitions in Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Munich. From December 1913 to April 1914, the notoriety of Burliuk’s Futurists reached its peak as Burliuk, Vladimir Maiakovsky, and Vasily Kamensky toured 17 cities in the Empire. The appearance of the Futurists (they liked to wear gaudy waistcoats, sometimes painted animals on their faces, and wore carrots in their lapels) and their "performances," which included drinking tea on stage under a suspended piano, drew packed audiences, scandalized many, but also won converts to the new art. Burliuk’s life-affirming energy, his creative force, and his celebration of the new — all left a lasting impact on the history of modernism.

David Burliuk

Burliuk’s art and life after his tumultuous early period would take him to many and varied places. During the revolutionary years 1917-1920, he traveled to Siberia, where he gave Futurist concerts and sold his art. From 1920 to 1922 he spent time in Japan painting, organizing exhibitions, and promoting Futurism. In 1922, Burliuk arrived in the United States, settling first in New York City, where he lived from 1922 to 1941, and then in Hampton Bays, Long Island (1941-1967).

The inspiration for Burliuk’s later career is found in his love of vitality in all its forms — biological, psychological, and cultural. Whether he was painting his native Ukrainian steppe, Japanese landscapes, Long Island fishing villages, or the streets of New York, he searched for the energy that vibrated and flowed through scenes. They suggest the existence of hidden patterns just beyond human perception.

David Burliuk & wife, Marusia, Moscow, 1965

He was, in the end, a worshiper of the earth’s abundance and glory as much as a Futurist scandalizer of public taste. It is not surprising that one of his favorite artists was Vincent van Gogh, whose impassioned vision of nature, tendered with brilliant color and vigorous stroke, Burliuk admired greatly.

Burliuk’s deep involvement in the world also manifests itself in his important works focused on ideological, philosophical themes dealing with war and the human condition.

David Burliuk died on Long Island in 1967. That same year he was honored posthumously by being inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

His works

                        

      



Component 2
Task 4

Analyze Print Media

About Print Media

Print Media 

Print media are lightweight, portable, disposable publications printed on paper and circulated as physical copies in forms we call books, newspapers, magazines and newsletters. 

They hold informative and entertaining content that is of general or special interest. They are published either once or daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or quarterly. 

Their competitors include electronic, broadcast and Internet media. Today, many books, newspapers, magazines and newsletters publish digital electronic editions on the Internet. 

Books

• Books are the oldest medium of mass communication.
• They are collections of printed pages bound together.
• Their content can be information and/or entertainment.
• Preparation and production of a book can take many months.
• According to Google, there may be 130 million books in circulation.

Newspapers

• Newspapers are collections of printed pages folded together.
• Their content is mostly public affairs and events information reporting with some entertainment.
• Preparation and production of a newspaper can take hours.
• Tens of thousands of individual newspapers are published.

Magazines

• Magazines are collections of printed pages bound together.
• Their content includes both information and entertainment.
• Preparation and production of a magazine can take many weeks.
• There are some 20,000 different magazines.

Newsletters

• Newsletters are regular publications of only a few folded pages.
• Generally, they address one main topic and are informative or entertaining.
• Newsletters provide information to members, customers, employees and friends of organizations.
• Preparation and production of a newsletter may require only a few hours.
• There are hundreds of thousands of newsletters.

News Media

• News media are the elements of mass media that bring us reports of current events and current affairs information.
• They include print media such as newspapers and magazines, and electronic and broadcast media such as radio and television, websites, blogs, wikis, Facebook pages, Twitter tweets, and online representations of traditional news media.

Journalism

• Newspapers began as journals, so the industry profession came to be called journalism.
• Journalists intend to inform their target audiences about events, issues and trends.
• The field includes professional specialties such as photojournalism, science journalism, magazine journalism, broadcast journalism, editing, producing and others.

Understanding Brochure and Catalogue

Brochure and catalogue narrate the same story, difference lies in content. Brochures are meant to be short and catchy. It shares enough to sell.

Catalogue is a different motive altogether, they are more descriptive and systematic about their products and services. Attractive covers, inside covers, first & last spread, etc. and also to include “success story” pages to maintain enthusiasm of reader.

Often, brochure and catalogue printing takes place on the same quality of glossy paper. Many of the companies maintain the basic idea of designing brochure or catalogue

• Avoid overcrowding of pages.
• Readable font.
• Simple and crisp graphics and pictures.

On the other side, brochure requires less of science and geometry and more of creativity in terms of graphics and specific scope for content.

A brochure or pamphlet is a leaflet advertisement. Brochures may advertise locations, events, hotels, products, services, etc. They are usually succinct in language and eye-catching in design. Direct mail and trade shows are common ways to distribute brochures to introduce a product or service. In hotels and other places that tourists frequent, brochure racks or stands may suggest visits to amusement parks and other points of interest. 

The two most common brochure styles are single sheet and booklet forms. 

The most common types of single-sheet brochures are the bi-fold (a single sheet printed on both sides and folded into halves) and the tri-fold (the same, but folded into thirds). A bi-fold brochure results in four panels (two panels on each side), while a tri-fold results in six panels (three panels on each side). 

Other folder arrangements are possible: the accordion or "Z-fold" method, the "C-fold" method, etc. Larger sheets, such as those with detailed maps or expansive photo spreads, are folded into four, five, or six panels. 

Booklet brochures are made of multiple sheets most often saddle stitched (stapled on the creased edge) or "perfect bound" like a paperback book, and result in eight panels or more. 

Brochures are often printed using four color process on thick gloss paper to give an initial impression of quality. Businesses may turn out small quantities of brochures on a computer printer or on a digital printer, but offset printing turns out higher quantities for less cost. 

Compared with a flyer or a handbill, a brochure usually uses higher-quality paper, more color, and is folded.

Artist Background
 Pablo Picasso

The artistic genius of Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) has impacted the development of modern and contemporary art with unparalleled magnitude. His prolific output includes over 20,000 paintings, prints, drawings, sculptures, ceramics, theater sets and costumes that convey myriad intellectual, political, social, and amorous messages. His creative styles transcend realism and abstraction, Cubism, Neoclassicism, Surrealism, and Expressionism. Born in Malaga, Spain, in 1881, Picasso studied art briefly in Madrid in 1897, then in Barcelona in 1899, where he became closely associated with a group of modernist poets, writers, and artists who gathered at the café Els Quatre Gats (The Four Cats), including the Catalan Carlos Casagemas (1880–1901). His work during these years suggests feelings of desolation and darkness inspired in part by the suicide of his friend Casagemas. Picasso's paintings from late 1901 to about the middle of 1904, referred to as his Blue Period, depict themes of poverty, loneliness, and despair. Picasso directs his attention toward more pleasant themes such as carnival performers, harlequins, and clowns. In this painting, he uses his own image for the harlequin figure and abandons the daunting blues in favor of vivid hues, red for example, to celebrate the lives of circus performers (categorically labeled his Rose Period).After World War I (1914–18), Picasso reverted to traditional styles, experimenting less with Cubism. In the early 1920s, he devised a unique variant of classicism using mythological images such as centaurs, minotaurs, nymphs, and fauns inspired by the classical world of Italy. Within this renewed expression, referred to as his Neoclassica lPeriod, he created pictures dedicated to motherhood inspired by the birth of his son Paulo in 1921 (his first of four children by three women). Woman in White (53.140.4) of 1923 shows a woman clothed in a classic, toga-like, white dress resting calmly in a contemplative pose with tousled hair, eliciting a tender lyricism and calming spirit of maternity. Toward the end of the 1920s, Picasso drew on Surrealist imagery and techniques to make pictures of morphed and distorted figures. In Nude Standing by the Sea (1996.403.4) of 1929, Picasso's figure recounts the classical pose of a standing nude with her arms upraised, but her body is swollen and monstrously rearranged.
Even into his eighties and nineties, Picasso produced an enormous number of works and reaped the financial benefits of his success, amassing a personal fortune and a superb collection of his own art, as well as work by other artists. He died in 1973, leaving an artistic legacy that continues to resonate today throughout the world.

Find Issue

Human Trafficking

Trafficking in persons is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights. Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their own countries and abroad. Almost every country in the world is affected by trafficking, whether as a country of origin, transit or destination for victims. Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.

Malaysia

The Situation
Malaysia is a destination, and to a lesser extent, a source and transit country for men, women, and children who are subjected to conditions of forced labor, and women and children subjected to sex trafficking.  

Source
A small number of Malaysian citizens are reportedly trafficked internally and abroad to Singapore, China, and Japan for commercial sexual exploitation. Malaysians from rural and indigenous communities tend to be more vulnerable to trafficking.

Destination
The overwhelming majority of trafficking victims are among the two million documented and 1.9 million undocumented foreign workers in Malaysia from various countries including Indonesia, Nepal, India, Thailand, China, the Philippines, Burma, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Many victims migrate willingly to Malaysia seeking employment opportunities in plantations, construction sites, textile factories, and as domestic workers but subsequently encounter forced labor or debt bondage at the hands of their employers, employment agents, or informal labor recruiters. While many of Malaysia’s trafficking offenders are individual business people, large organized crime syndicates are also behind trafficking. 

A significant number of young foreign women are recruited for work in Malaysian restaurants and hotels, some of whom migrate through the use of “Guest Relations Officer” visas, but subsequently are coerced into Malaysia’s commercial sex trade.

Domestic workers are particularly vulnerable. Local NGOs estimate that for every domestic servant legally employed in Malaysia there is one working in the country illegally and many may be trafficked.  

Ninety percent of these domestic servants are from Indonesia. This is concerning, as a 2006 MOU between Indonesia and Malaysia allows for Malaysian employers to confiscate passports of domestic employees, which is widely recognized as increasing a migrant’s vulnerability.

Internal Trafficking
Statelessness, a recognized human trafficking vulnerability factor, remains an issue in Malaysia. Citizenship is derived from one's parents; however, many children are stateless because the government refuses to register their birth due to inadequate proof of their parents' marriage. Interfaith marriages are also not recognized by the government which sometimes results in undocumented, de facto stateless children. One NGO estimates that the number of stateless persons ranges from several thousand to as many as 30,000. Without birth certificates, government officials deny stateless persons access to education, health care, and the right to own property. This puts them at risk of seeking unofficial employment opportunities, thus putting these people at risk of trafficking. 

The Malaysian Government
The Malaysian Government was placed on Tier 2 Watch List for a second consecutive year in the 2011 U.S. Department of State’s Trafficking in Persons Report for not fully complying with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. However, the US Government recognizes that the Malaysian Government is making significant efforts to do so. 

The government has increased the number of convictions obtained under the Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act during 2010 and continues public awareness efforts on trafficking. However, it has not effectively investigated and prosecuted labor trafficking cases, has failed to address problems of government complicity in trafficking, and lacks provision of effective victim care and counseling by authorities. There remain many serious concerns regarding trafficking in Malaysia, including the detention of trafficking victims in government facilities. 

Prosecution
Malaysian law prohibits all forms of human trafficking through its Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, which was amended in November 2010 to broaden the definition of trafficking to include all actions involved in acquiring or maintaining the labor or services of a person through coercion. 

Authorities reported initiating 174 charges against 51 individuals under the anti-trafficking law in 2010. The government convicted 11 sex trafficking offenders and three individuals involved in labor trafficking, sentencing them to three to eight years’ imprisonment; this is compared to seven trafficking offenders convicted during the previous year. The government also reported that 141 trafficking cases remain pending in Malaysian courts. 

The acquittal rate of alleged trafficking offenders was 68 percent during 2010, a rate attributed by observers to the lack of adequate victim-witness protection, victim assistance incentives, and poor judicial training on human trafficking.

NGOs have reported that the police often fail or refuse to investigate complaints of confiscation of passports and travel documents or withholding of wages – especially with regards to domestic workers – as possible trafficking offenses. The government did not report in 2010 any criminal prosecutions of employers who subjected workers to conditions of forced labor or labor recruiters who used deceptive practices and debt bondage to compel migrant workers into involuntary servitude. Nor were any government officials convicted of trafficking-related complicity in 2010, even though there are reports of collusion between police and trafficking offenders.

Protection
Victim protection efforts remain inadequate in Malaysia. Victims identified by Malaysian authorities are adjudicated under a “protective order” that triggers their forcible detention in “shelters,” where some are isolated, unable to work or earn income, and have little or no access to legal or psychological assistance provided by the government or NGOs.

Furthermore, the government treats victims of trafficking as illegal aliens and turns them over to immigration authorities for deportation after they provide evidence to prosecutors, usually after a 90-day stay at a trafficking in persons “shelter.” While the government reports that it encourages victims to assist in the prosecution of their traffickers, it does not make available any alternatives to repatriation for victims who may face harm or retribution upon return to their home country. Nor does it provide any incentives for victim cooperation. In fact, during trial proceedings, authorities often do not make adequate efforts to separate victims from their traffickers, which may result in threats to the victims and their families if they cooperate with police and prosecutors.

Prevention
The November 2010, amendments to the anti-trafficking law included the Labor Department within the Ministry of Human Resources as an enforcement agency. The Ministry has since reported that it now requires foreign domestic workers and their employers to attend a compulsory half-day seminar on workers’ rights and that a portion of a domestic worker’s salary must be placed into a bank account in the employee’s name in order to provide a record of payment. 

The Malaysian Home Ministry reported investigating the 277 outsourcing companies that recruit foreign workers into Malaysia and placed 42 on a watch list for engaging in suspicious activities. The Women’s Ministry continues to produce pamphlets about indicators of trafficking, which are distributed at border checkpoints. The government also continues to implement an anti-trafficking public awareness campaign in print media, on the radio, and on television.

However, international organizations and NGOs report that the lack of understanding of human trafficking by many Malaysian front-line officers, such as police and immigration officers, continue to hinder the identification and proper investigation of trafficking cases and identification and assistance to trafficking victims.

International Cooperation
The Indonesian Government has been negotiating with the Malaysian Government to amend the 2006 MOU which allows employers to confiscate passports from migrant workers. However, talks were stalled in 2010 reportedly due to an impasse on the issue of a minimum wage and a weekly day off, which the government of Indonesia is demanding for domestic workers.

Recommendations
The U.S. Department of State recommends that the Malay Government enact the following measures in its 2011 TIP Report: 

·         Increase law enforcement actions under the anti-trafficking law, particularly labor trafficking cases;

·         Apply stringent criminal penalties to those involved in fraudulent labor recruitment or forced labor;

·         Increase efforts to prosecute and convict public officials who profit from or are involved in trafficking, or who exploit victims; 

·         Develop and implement procedures to identify labor trafficking victims among vulnerable groups such as migrant workers and refer them to available protection services; 

·         Improve victim protection in government facilities by providing victims legal assistance, and providing effective counseling and care to the victims of trafficking; 

·         Develop and implement mechanisms to allow adult foreign trafficking victims to travel, work, and reside outside of government shelters; 

·         Provide legal alternatives to the removal of trafficking victims to countries in which they would face retribution or hardship; ensure that victims of trafficking are not threatened or punished for crimes committed as a result of being trafficked; 

·         Make greater efforts to educate migrant workers on their rights, legal recourses available, and how to seek remedies against traffickers or employers who fail to meet their legal obligations; 

·         Re-negotiate MOUs with source countries to incorporate victim protection and remove authorizations for employers to confiscate passports or travel documents; 

·         Continue to train officials on the effective handling of sex and labor trafficking cases, with a particular emphasis on victim protection and the identification of labor trafficking victims; 

·         Make efforts to reduce the demand for both sex and labor trafficking; and 

·         Expand the anti-trafficking awareness campaign to encompass both labor and sex trafficking.

My final work of Human Trafficking

My sketches

Laser cut